Exploring the influence of different participant compliance thresholds on model estimation and results

Introduction

On the right, you can see that overall compliance rates with the study protocol varied strongly between participants. While many EMA studies introduce certain compliance thresholds, it has recently been argued to instead include all observations in the analysis of intensive longitudinal data. To incorporate both perspectives, provide additional sensitivity analyses and safeguard our results from any potential biases, we here offer an interactive html-file to examine the influence of different compliance thresholds on the overall results of this study.

Please select a threshold, a set of preventative behaviors, and a set of priors below. You will then see how the results of the study change in case a certain threshold is applied.

Minimum compliance rate:

None

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 1:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.523	1.392	1.684	1.001	2847.627
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.895	0.853	0.938	1.001	6834.675
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.013	1.826	2.236	1.001	3221.213
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.027	0.989	1.065	1	9596.578
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.532	0.366	0.777	1.001	8045.174
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.621	0.306	1.303	1	8157.519
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.357	1.053	1.761	1	6937.75
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.988	1.011	1	6198.273
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.006	1.045	1	4841.054
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.775	1.961	3.916	1.001	2683.638
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.336	1.037	1.737	1.002	2269.097
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.293	2.025	2.602	1.001	2061.792
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.904	0.772	1.053	1.002	2127.539
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	0.883	0.188	4.249	1	6723.964
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.581	0.11	2.939	1	5777.082
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.715	0.282	1.817	1.001	2644.227
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.003	0.986	1.021	1.001	2145.871
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.045	1.021	1.069	1.001	2827.524
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.981	1.012	1.001	2004.892
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2843.171
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.506	2.247	2.776	1.001	2699.121
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.98	0.796	1.161	1.002	1476.904

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14216, participants included: 398

 

With interaction terms included

Table 2:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.517	1.386	1.674	1.001	4429.129
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.885	0.841	0.93	1	9551.38
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.334	1.028	1.729	1	3596.445
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.027	0.99	1.064	1	13138.421
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.431	0.283	0.653	1	10015.774
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.56	0.262	1.185	1	13468.064
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.12	0.845	1.492	1	9319.479
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.012	1	9681.73
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.022	1.003	1.043	1.001	6893.743
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.724	1.931	3.826	1	4096.14
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.994	1.811	2.208	1.001	4266.985
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.4	2.117	2.735	1.003	2999.476
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.896	0.767	1.044	1.001	2930.267
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	0.886	0.18	4.338	1	9649.724
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.578	0.113	2.862	1	8892.681
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.701	0.274	1.75	1.001	4252.379
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.004	0.986	1.021	1	3656.077
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.044	1.021	1.068	1	4139.115
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.98	1.011	1	3709.135
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.02	1.004	1.036	1.001	9194.533
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.205	1.038	1.399	1	10725.927
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.324	1.026	1.745	1	11319.651
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.156	1.052	1.273	1	9021.339
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.003	0.997	1.009	1.001	8876.519
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4170.709

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14216, participants included: 398

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 3:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.551	1.406	1.727	1	3293.812
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.893	0.847	0.938	1	5398.073
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.084	1.879	2.34	1.002	2577.903
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.026	0.989	1.065	1	8201.153
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.528	0.349	0.809	1	7234.785
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.556	0.196	1.509	1	6383.85
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.414	1.071	1.888	1	5442.54
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.987	1.011	1	5973.994
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.024	1.006	1.045	1	4099.122
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.029	2.071	4.428	1.002	2379.586
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.407	1.061	1.868	1.002	2063.395
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.42	2.105	2.794	1.002	1688.804
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.902	0.762	1.073	1.002	2003.391
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	0.797	0.037	14.981	1.001	2553.219
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.195	0.008	3.985	1.001	2947.615
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.624	0.202	1.926	1.001	1952.195
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.005	0.986	1.024	1.001	2219.732
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.046	1.021	1.072	1.004	2209.008
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.997	0.98	1.014	1.001	1975.572
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2371.073
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.797	2.488	3.14	1.002	1991.164
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.034	0.83	1.227	1.002	1280.618

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14216, participants included: 398

 

With interaction terms included

Table 4:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.549	1.407	1.725	1	5311.361
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.883	0.837	0.929	1.001	12574.087
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.404	1.054	1.867	1.001	5311.802
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.025	0.988	1.064	1	17284.465
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.41	0.259	0.663	1	13596.834
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.424	0.119	1.3	1	10293.085
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.162	0.848	1.598	1	13250.715
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.012	1	12759.711
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.022	1.002	1.043	1	10829.782
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.98	2.062	4.395	1	6377.498
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.074	1.872	2.311	1	5951.803
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.536	2.206	2.924	1	4980.275
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.895	0.753	1.057	1.001	5395.085
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	0.765	0.039	13.199	1	8702.925
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.212	0.01	4.243	1	8307.217
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.621	0.203	1.963	1.001	5451.811
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.005	0.987	1.025	1.001	5595.302
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.044	1.019	1.07	1	6231.062
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.979	1.013	1	5523.411
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.02	1.003	1.036	1	13596.689
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.23	1.05	1.454	1	15381.739
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.482	1.049	2.255	1	8745.424
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.158	1.045	1.282	1.001	15497.409
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.004	0.997	1.01	1	13873.28
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	6339.579

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14216, participants included: 398

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 5:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.243	1.148	1.359	1	4999.163
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.019	3.28	5.007	1	3479.047
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.054	0.995	1.119	1	9801.945
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.54	1.103	2.155	1	8891.383
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.964	1.011	1	7836.029
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.01	0.993	1.029	1.001	6495.823
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.012	0.986	1.04	1	5326.009
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.018	0.996	1.043	1.001	5796.528
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.544	1.218	1.969	1	3327.567
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.245	3.368	5.4	1	3355.504
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.054	0.909	1.231	1.001	3819.03
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.929	0.377	2.295	1.001	4604.35
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.988	0.968	1.008	1.001	3471.907
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.997	0.979	1.015	1	4142.04
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.045	1.017	1.074	1	3696.133
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.015	0.996	1.034	1	3588.097
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.983	1.018	1.001	3746.01
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4142.126
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.273	1.94	2.638	1.001	2734.417
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.571	0.044	1.018	1.005	447.007

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4311, participants included: 357

 

With interaction terms included

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Table 6:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.242	1.149	1.355	1.001	4524.529
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.049	3.308	5.029	1	3841.94
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.051	0.992	1.116	1	10691.517
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.023	0.708	1.484	1	10344.059
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.963	1.01	1	8341.303
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.991	1.028	1	6691.029
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.007	0.98	1.036	1.001	6378.933
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.017	0.995	1.042	1	6403.791
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.522	1.202	1.942	1.001	3864.995
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.731	3.749	5.99	1	3952.571
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.051	0.908	1.221	1	3894.696
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.906	0.375	2.183	1	5139.613
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.988	0.969	1.008	1.001	3811.602
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.997	0.98	1.015	1	4045.471
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.044	1.017	1.073	1	3842.012
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.015	0.997	1.034	1.001	4273.387
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.001	0.983	1.018	1.001	3834.738
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.611	1.345	1.948	1	10163.555
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.001	0.992	1.01	1	6785.624
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.007	0.994	1.021	1.001	6730.855
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4319.638

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4311, participants included: 357

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 7:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.265	1.158	1.399	1.003	3089.066
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.902	3.826	6.447	1.001	2367.378
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.06	0.996	1.13	1.001	8801.689
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.655	1.098	2.527	1.001	7622.565
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.961	1.012	1.001	6280.378
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.012	0.993	1.032	1.001	5611.346
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.012	0.984	1.044	1.001	5468.077
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.021	0.996	1.048	1.001	5557.171
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.663	1.248	2.219	1.001	3033.802
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.136	3.925	6.867	1.001	2426.492
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.067	0.894	1.269	1.001	3566.804
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.918	0.283	2.968	1	3450.123
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.985	0.962	1.009	1.001	2629.257
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.995	0.974	1.016	1	4003.93
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.05	1.017	1.083	1.002	3304.113
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.016	0.994	1.039	1.002	3753.491
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.001	0.98	1.022	1.001	2967.626
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3000.133
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.832	2.355	3.38	1.002	1893.622
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.78	0.159	1.276	1.006	428.77

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4311, participants included: 357

 

With interaction terms included

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Table 8:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.26	1.156	1.387	1.001	3610.126
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.94	3.872	6.435	1.001	2276.656
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.057	0.991	1.127	1	7923.222
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.046	0.679	1.622	1	7529.726
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.985	0.96	1.012	1.001	6185.195
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.01	0.99	1.031	1	5698.697
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.006	0.977	1.039	1.001	3890.38
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.02	0.996	1.047	1.001	4683.728
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.63	1.221	2.18	1	3005.234
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.799	4.399	7.794	1.002	2423.629
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.059	0.894	1.254	1.001	2904.052
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.924	0.29	2.975	1	3020.187
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.986	0.963	1.01	1.001	2665.421
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.996	0.975	1.017	1.002	3046.716
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.017	1.082	1.001	2973.353
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.016	0.994	1.038	1.001	2964.937
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.98	1.021	1	2843.069
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.666	1.356	2.07	1	6946.838
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.001	0.99	1.011	1	5664.558
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.009	0.994	1.023	1.001	4211.14
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2486.787

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4311, participants included: 357

 

5%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 9:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.515	1.385	1.673	1.001	3848.497
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.891	0.848	0.935	1.001	6692.675
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.975	1.792	2.193	1	3483.148
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.029	0.992	1.066	1.001	9451.504
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.539	0.37	0.792	1	6729.007
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.576	0.282	1.181	1	10269.126
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.369	1.057	1.796	1.001	7365.583
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.988	1.011	1.001	5885.036
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.007	1.045	1.001	5281.794
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.776	1.9	4.072	1.001	2595.622
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.291	0.97	1.729	1.003	2435.032
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.298	2.017	2.637	1.001	2292.334
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.923	0.786	1.082	1	2510.684
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.2	0.211	6.812	1.001	7310.876
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.733	0.138	3.748	1	6183.595
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.827	0.311	2.167	1.001	3144.821
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.004	0.985	1.022	1.002	2020.304
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.043	1.018	1.069	1	2432.945
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.98	1.012	1.001	2463.926
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2692.236
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.512	2.244	2.794	1.001	2899.988
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.98	0.796	1.159	1.002	1474.475

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14045, participants included: 353

 

With interaction terms included

Table 10:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.514	1.384	1.671	1.001	3027.493
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.88	0.835	0.925	1.002	5412.222
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.274	0.954	1.699	1.001	2099.396
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.028	0.992	1.067	1	8716.41
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.443	0.292	0.671	1.001	6427.122
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.533	0.25	1.14	1	7799.161
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.126	0.843	1.514	1.001	5470.634
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.011	1.001	5999.7
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.022	1.004	1.043	1	4906.891
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.693	1.833	3.948	1.001	2396.484
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.96	1.783	2.166	1.001	2812.384
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.398	2.106	2.731	1	2000.297
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.918	0.781	1.078	1.001	1811.887
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.226	0.224	6.749	1.001	5538.82
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.733	0.133	4.079	1.001	4846.652
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.803	0.305	2.08	1.002	2199.986
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.004	0.985	1.022	1.002	1783.855
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.041	1.018	1.067	1.002	2300.645
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.995	0.979	1.011	1.003	1887.295
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.02	1.004	1.036	1	5581.667
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.189	1.029	1.38	1	6515.576
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.311	1.02	1.721	1	8067.866
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.158	1.049	1.276	1	6108.735
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.003	0.997	1.009	1	5620.46
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2419.949

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14045, participants included: 353

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 11:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.546	1.406	1.715	1.002	2418.174
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.89	0.845	0.935	1.001	5088.368
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.05	1.848	2.289	1.004	2745.034
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.028	0.992	1.066	1	8213.711
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.532	0.349	0.826	1	5734.667
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.506	0.166	1.413	1.001	6321.699
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.429	1.08	1.922	1	5955.296
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.987	1.011	1.001	5010.77
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.006	1.045	1.001	5202.694
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.103	2.028	4.801	1.001	2342.77
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.355	0.969	1.894	1.001	2059.66
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.429	2.101	2.806	1.001	1686.578
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.916	0.768	1.089	1.003	1740.252
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	3.281	0.068	145.463	1	2705.768
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.299	0.009	9.818	1	3149.664
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.756	0.222	2.542	1.002	2275.952
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.005	0.985	1.025	1.001	1963.126
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.043	1.016	1.071	1.002	2168.135
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.997	0.979	1.014	1.001	1764.04
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2237.261
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.807	2.495	3.167	1.003	2270.434
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.033	0.84	1.232	1.005	1153.816

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14045, participants included: 353

 

With interaction terms included

Table 12:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.542	1.403	1.711	1.001	3306.798
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.879	0.833	0.925	1	7216.163
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.34	0.974	1.858	1	2509.324
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.027	0.989	1.067	1	10127.319
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.42	0.262	0.682	1	7111.104
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.373	0.092	1.241	1	5148.486
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.167	0.856	1.606	1.001	6646.219
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.012	1.002	6418.624
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.022	1.002	1.042	1.001	6243.577
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.013	1.941	4.717	1	2699.783
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.039	1.837	2.277	1	3391.595
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.556	2.22	2.969	1	2072.057
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.913	0.764	1.093	1.003	2329.868
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	2.93	0.064	138.049	1.001	3655.003
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	0.336	0.009	10.801	1	4034.377
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.745	0.213	2.592	1.002	2681.844
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.005	0.985	1.025	1.001	2633.319
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.042	1.015	1.069	1	3087.312
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.979	1.013	1.004	2642.816
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.02	1.004	1.037	1	9720.714
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.214	1.035	1.423	1	8679.411
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.503	1.059	2.338	1	5527.6
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.158	1.046	1.283	1	8079.913
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.004	0.997	1.01	1	7767.929
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2735.939

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 14045, participants included: 353

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 13:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.232	1.141	1.341	1.001	5228.004
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.039	3.301	5.019	1	3783.866
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.055	0.997	1.118	1	11077.761
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.546	1.09	2.197	1	11391.19
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.964	1.012	1	7662.86
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.011	0.993	1.029	1	6758.198
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.011	0.985	1.04	1	6045.176
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.018	0.995	1.043	1	6280.663
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.542	1.204	1.983	1.001	4182.013
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.17	3.326	5.305	1.001	4157.123
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.046	0.896	1.228	1	4026.003
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.927	0.363	2.328	1.001	4740.276
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.989	0.968	1.01	1.001	3929.112
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.99	0.971	1.01	1	4629.53
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.02	1.078	1.001	4256.406
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.018	0.998	1.038	1	4255.686
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.999	0.982	1.018	1.002	3398.629
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4700.764
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.301	1.97	2.661	1.001	3181.417
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.601	0.075	1.056	1.006	482.17

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4254, participants included: 326

 

With interaction terms included

Table 14:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.231	1.14	1.342	1.001	4942.528
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.073	3.331	5.041	1.001	3060.669
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.053	0.993	1.116	1.001	9344.784
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.029	0.711	1.498	1	8674.574
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.963	1.01	1	7666.91
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.99	1.028	1.001	5842.24
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.006	0.979	1.036	1.001	5119.815
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.018	0.995	1.042	1	6115.603
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.518	1.187	1.955	1.002	3449.88
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.659	3.656	5.948	1	3534.028
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.042	0.893	1.221	1.001	3155.944
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.917	0.356	2.344	1	3994.829
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.99	0.968	1.01	1	3300.175
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.991	0.972	1.01	1	4250.244
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.048	1.02	1.078	1	3760.682
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.019	0.999	1.039	1.001	3552.827
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.983	1.019	1.002	3174.943
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.604	1.338	1.941	1	7961.286
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.001	0.992	1.01	1.001	5939.892
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.007	0.994	1.021	1	6246.272
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4101.94

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4254, participants included: 326

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 15:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.254	1.15	1.382	1.001	3429.468
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.998	3.846	6.707	1.003	2192.298
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.062	0.997	1.135	1.001	7887.921
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.666	1.122	2.553	1	7014.271
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.962	1.013	1.001	5738.716
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.012	0.993	1.032	1	5715.481
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.012	0.983	1.044	1	5526.905
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.021	0.996	1.048	1	5031.706
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.66	1.234	2.267	1.001	2545.687
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.1	3.865	6.833	1.001	2523.698
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.059	0.875	1.283	1	2674.343
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.896	0.252	3.338	1.001	2787.974
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.987	0.963	1.012	1.003	2533.898
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.988	0.964	1.011	1.001	2977.421
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.054	1.019	1.09	1	3078.959
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.997	1.044	1.001	2908.231
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.977	1.022	1.001	2472.698
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2594.067
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.904	2.403	3.483	1.002	1829.067
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.827	0.195	1.321	1.009	542.551

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4254, participants included: 326

 

With interaction terms included

Table 16:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.253	1.15	1.38	1	4734.418
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.993	3.896	6.629	1.001	2534.381
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.058	0.993	1.129	1	9099.118
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.059	0.674	1.662	1.001	7451.034
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.961	1.012	1	6709.186
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.01	0.99	1.033	1	5919.861
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.006	0.976	1.039	1	5313.283
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.02	0.996	1.047	1.001	5036.079
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.632	1.209	2.238	1.001	2921.425
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.694	4.254	7.795	1.001	2594.093
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.053	0.872	1.279	1.003	3292.832
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.9	0.259	3.164	1.001	3131.922
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.987	0.963	1.012	1.001	2956.009
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.989	0.966	1.011	1.001	3773.773
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.053	1.019	1.089	1.002	3195.141
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.021	0.997	1.045	1.003	3113.325
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.979	1.022	1.002	3162.261
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.667	1.353	2.081	1	6633.346
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.001	0.99	1.011	1.001	5926.652
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.009	0.994	1.024	1.001	6278
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3187.155

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4254, participants included: 326

 

10%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 17:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.517	1.383	1.674	1	3215.209
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.891	0.848	0.935	1	7155.251
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.026	1.832	2.253	1	3499.062
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.032	0.994	1.072	1.001	9114.521
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.492	0.336	0.724	1	8933.229
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.529	0.25	1.127	1	9885.548
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.347	1.033	1.768	1.001	6758.944
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.988	1.011	1	6972.645
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.006	1.045	1.001	5092.034
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.661	1.753	4.062	1.001	2510.788
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.22	0.886	1.668	1.001	2182.166
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.362	2.067	2.713	1.002	1994.687
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.94	0.791	1.116	1	2525.735
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.224	0.205	7.193	1	8416.924
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.045	0.184	6	1	7413.414
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.86	0.305	2.395	1.002	3045.073
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.98	1.02	1.001	2364
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.021	1.077	1.002	2548.075
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.001	0.984	1.018	1.001	2297.167
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2437.01
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.498	2.231	2.78	1.001	2885.262
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.977	0.791	1.16	1.004	1371.598

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 13704, participants included: 308

 

With interaction terms included

Table 18:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.513	1.383	1.668	1.001	2525.942
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.88	0.835	0.925	1	5968.506
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.214	0.884	1.685	1.002	1841.646
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.031	0.994	1.071	1	8575.35
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.396	0.259	0.609	1.001	6915.271
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.493	0.227	1.081	1.001	8360.997
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.114	0.828	1.497	1	5257.531
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.011	1	5298.786
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.022	1.003	1.043	1	4846.137
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.602	1.739	4.006	1.001	2292.394
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.008	1.821	2.235	1.001	2865.391
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.482	2.161	2.859	1.001	1898.215
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.936	0.785	1.115	1.003	2002.662
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.245	0.207	7.402	1.001	6539.558
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.029	0.182	5.837	1	5821.269
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.847	0.299	2.44	1.001	2405.594
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.981	1.021	1.002	1738.024
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.048	1.021	1.076	1.001	2334.117
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.001	0.984	1.018	1.001	1877.616
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.02	1.004	1.037	1	6813.79
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.209	1.042	1.405	1	7465.482
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.251	0.977	1.629	1	8053.552
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.155	1.047	1.279	1	5982.367
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.003	0.997	1.01	1.001	6397.411
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2434.598

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 13704, participants included: 308

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 19:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.546	1.403	1.719	1.001	2563.032
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.888	0.842	0.933	1.001	6182.055
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.108	1.891	2.371	1.001	2728.236
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.031	0.993	1.071	1	7621.112
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.478	0.316	0.735	1	6336.987
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.434	0.134	1.26	1	6294.562
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.407	1.058	1.893	1	5632.893
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.987	1.011	1	6060.612
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.024	1.006	1.044	1.001	5116.833
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.037	1.894	4.87	1	2300.713
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.284	0.898	1.823	1.001	2077.618
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.515	2.182	2.933	1.002	1890.588
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.926	0.762	1.123	1.003	1580.194
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	3.502	0.042	328.254	1.001	2621.703
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.387	0.023	82.12	1.001	2908.639
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.863	0.217	3.455	1.002	1664.752
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.98	1.023	1.003	1903
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.019	1.082	1.001	1910.355
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.003	0.984	1.022	1.001	1668.025
Intercept	0	0	0	1.003	2200.308
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.83	2.489	3.201	1	2390.39
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.044	0.851	1.239	1.006	1218.173

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 13704, participants included: 308

 

With interaction terms included

Table 20:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.542	1.4	1.717	1.001	3516.932
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.878	0.832	0.925	1	7077.43
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.271	0.888	1.831	1.001	2596.367
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.03	0.991	1.071	1	10562.159
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.368	0.228	0.598	1	8390.923
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.338	0.081	1.117	1	6272.259
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.154	0.844	1.591	1	7148.237
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.012	1.001	7435.404
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.021	1.002	1.042	1.001	6390.03
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.954	1.828	4.767	1.002	2746.138
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.095	1.876	2.356	1.001	3819.814
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.641	2.266	3.085	1.001	1995.312
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.924	0.763	1.124	1.002	2600.094
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	3.948	0.047	327.026	1	3084.803
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.463	0.025	82.895	1.001	4123.711
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.894	0.228	3.652	1	2432.135
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.002	0.98	1.025	1.001	2170.229
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.048	1.017	1.079	1.002	2316.955
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.002	0.984	1.02	1.002	2532.338
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.02	1.004	1.037	1.001	8731.157
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.236	1.052	1.462	1	8934.668
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.426	1.004	2.235	1	5492.954
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.156	1.046	1.284	1	8058.737
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.004	0.997	1.01	1	7771.357
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2829.329

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 13704, participants included: 308

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 21:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.237	1.145	1.349	1.001	6351.579
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.938	3.206	4.944	1.001	4400.498
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.064	1.004	1.129	1	12092.628
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.481	1.048	2.087	1	12582.239
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.965	1.011	1.001	9508.684
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.011	0.993	1.029	1	8911.887
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.011	0.985	1.04	1	7779.853
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.018	0.996	1.043	1.001	6300.567
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.512	1.174	1.968	1.001	4424.915
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.21	3.328	5.336	1.001	4787.438
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.03	0.875	1.215	1.001	3824.666
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.717	0.266	1.891	1.001	5712.904
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.986	0.964	1.007	1	4595.933
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.99	0.97	1.009	1	5568.517
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.045	1.017	1.076	1	4778.416
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.015	0.995	1.037	1.001	4532.402
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.002	0.983	1.021	1.001	4124.482
Intercept	0	0	0	1	5791.613
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.311	1.97	2.685	1	3569.827
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.589	0.068	1.045	1.003	617.093

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4166, participants included: 294

 

With interaction terms included

Table 22:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.236	1.143	1.347	1.001	4877.548
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.957	3.221	4.946	1	3681.66
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.061	1	1.125	1	10301.048
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.005	0.695	1.462	1	10199.884
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.964	1.01	1	7485.778
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.991	1.028	1	6950.954
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.006	0.98	1.037	1.001	6506.259
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.017	0.995	1.041	1.001	6840.738
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.488	1.15	1.944	1.001	3444.741
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.671	3.672	6.011	1.001	3899.951
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.028	0.873	1.212	1.001	3186.646
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.714	0.272	1.878	1.001	4328.012
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.986	0.965	1.007	1.001	3443.964
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.991	0.971	1.011	1	4034.393
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.045	1.017	1.075	1.001	3910.08
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.016	0.995	1.037	1.001	3552.312
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.002	0.984	1.021	1.001	3377.957
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.581	1.316	1.902	1	8928.352
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.001	0.992	1.01	1	7241.835
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.007	0.994	1.02	1.001	6287.857
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4609.76

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4166, participants included: 294

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 23:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.258	1.152	1.391	1.001	3646.615
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.865	3.761	6.387	1.003	2294.347
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.07	1.005	1.141	1	9136.242
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.582	1.054	2.447	1	7708.255
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.961	1.014	1	7298.382
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.012	0.994	1.032	1	5552.764
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.013	0.984	1.044	1	4597.689
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.02	0.996	1.048	1.001	4934.026
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.623	1.191	2.243	1.002	2803.178
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.199	3.911	7.06	1.004	2466.844
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.038	0.856	1.267	1.001	2860.169
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.594	0.154	2.251	1.001	2583.683
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.982	0.957	1.008	1.001	2697.443
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.987	0.963	1.011	1.002	3178.027
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.013	1.086	1.001	3156.374
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.017	0.992	1.042	1	2736.168
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.003	0.981	1.025	1.001	2332.168
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2831.513
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.926	2.418	3.504	1.004	1844.177
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.803	0.18	1.29	1.007	580.188

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4166, participants included: 294

 

With interaction terms included

Table 24:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.257	1.15	1.383	1	4050.637
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.858	3.791	6.427	1.001	2350.716
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.067	0.998	1.141	1	8312.975
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.018	0.654	1.584	1	7261.805
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.985	0.96	1.011	1	6288.983
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.01	0.99	1.032	1	5141.569
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.006	0.976	1.039	1	5029.071
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.02	0.995	1.047	1.001	4676.397
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.592	1.175	2.19	1.002	2628.139
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.801	4.347	7.992	1	2332.065
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.034	0.845	1.263	1.001	2452.988
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.593	0.156	2.294	1.001	2974.443
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.983	0.958	1.008	1.003	2103.424
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.988	0.965	1.012	1.001	3055.593
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.048	1.015	1.084	1.001	2723.05
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.017	0.994	1.043	1.001	2953.324
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.003	0.981	1.025	1	2599.691
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.636	1.329	2.028	1	5804.789
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.001	0.99	1.011	1	4867.089
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.008	0.993	1.024	1	4735.252
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2648.626

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 4166, participants included: 294

 

20%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 25:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.587	1.427	1.785	1.001	2356.026
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.87	0.824	0.918	1	4850.998
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.081	1.856	2.365	1.001	2384.806
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.033	0.991	1.076	1.001	6717.638
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.467	0.305	0.713	1	7013.423
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.645	0.285	1.481	1	8374.871
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.361	1.019	1.83	1.001	6197.581
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.987	1.012	1.001	5163.34
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.006	1.046	1	4676.725
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.418	2.034	5.859	1.002	2091.534
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.219	0.825	1.81	1.002	1914.647
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.447	2.09	2.884	1.002	1764.183
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.038	0.846	1.286	1	1713.648
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.233	0.198	7.414	1	7346.427
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.367	0.234	8.003	1.001	5933.644
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.072	0.318	3.597	1.001	2847.278
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.975	1.029	1.002	1530.946
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.048	1.01	1.088	1.002	1720.723
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.005	0.986	1.026	1.001	1615.373
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2015.29
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.493	2.208	2.815	1.002	2648.255
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.966	0.768	1.156	1.002	1354.433

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 12249, participants included: 215

 

With interaction terms included

Table 26:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.58	1.421	1.779	1.001	3390.925
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.856	0.807	0.904	1.001	5886.658
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.197	0.811	1.754	1.001	2873.961
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.031	0.99	1.074	1	10355.205
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.388	0.241	0.623	1	7160.967
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.61	0.254	1.446	1	10573.779
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.132	0.817	1.575	1	6420.721
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.013	1.001	7225.317
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.023	1.003	1.044	1.001	5658.94
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.254	1.909	5.55	1.001	3194.326
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.067	1.844	2.339	1.001	3453.057
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.565	2.204	3.007	1.002	2283.265
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.029	0.833	1.273	1.003	1895.596
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.229	0.197	7.608	1	9999.657
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.422	0.248	8.044	1	8166.223
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.112	0.326	3.777	1	3926.183
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.975	1.027	1.001	2389.041
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.012	1.086	1	2491.911
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.006	0.986	1.026	1.001	2544.873
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.024	1.006	1.042	1	8015.687
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.185	1.009	1.403	1	8145.349
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.32	0.983	1.822	1	9407.256
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.139	1.025	1.267	1	7803.732
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.003	0.997	1.009	1	7690.895
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3241.151

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 12249, participants included: 215

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 27:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.633	1.459	1.855	1.001	5625.104
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.867	0.819	0.915	1	10315.664
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.178	1.926	2.494	1	5880.789
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.032	0.989	1.077	1	14783.395
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.452	0.281	0.736	1	13285.628
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.568	0.149	2.04	1	12188.562
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.446	1.041	2.038	1.001	12693.304
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.987	1.013	1	12555.024
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.005	1.046	1	10440.274
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	4.436	2.359	8.56	1.001	4852.864
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.334	0.86	2.119	1	4600.19
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.652	2.225	3.202	1	4344.521
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.028	0.81	1.309	1.001	4485.626
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	3.122	0.013	710.54	1	6976.814
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	7.414	0.081	642.616	1	8144.893
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.401	0.238	8.214	1	4210.877
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.002	0.972	1.033	1.001	4378.427
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.044	1.001	1.089	1	4744.645
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.008	0.985	1.032	1	4404.613
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4847.665
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.898	2.519	3.339	1.001	4916.558
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.036	0.833	1.235	1.001	2407.458

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 12249, participants included: 215

 

With interaction terms included

Table 28:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.626	1.452	1.844	1	4488.529
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.853	0.802	0.902	1.001	6815.065
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.308	0.827	2.071	1	2943.45
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.03	0.987	1.075	1.001	11164.211
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.358	0.208	0.611	1	8775.577
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.45	0.082	1.998	1	7220.536
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.193	0.833	1.724	1	8128.791
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.987	1.013	1.001	9333.39
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.021	1.001	1.043	1.001	6417.908
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	4.233	2.227	8.076	1.001	3262.963
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.166	1.916	2.473	1.001	4014.717
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.767	2.324	3.331	1.001	2785.162
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.024	0.805	1.311	1.001	2990.956
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	3.392	0.015	658.025	1.001	4478.792
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	10.057	0.103	998.26	1.001	5364.268
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.525	0.268	8.707	1	3488.824
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.003	0.973	1.034	1.002	2613.762
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.044	1.002	1.087	1.002	3246.538
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.008	0.985	1.032	1	2685.337
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.024	1.006	1.043	1	9101.549
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.215	1.015	1.466	1	9262.576
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.585	1.024	2.841	1.001	6235.218
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.138	1.019	1.274	1.001	9919.042
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.004	0.997	1.01	1	9194.716
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3324.321

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 12249, participants included: 215

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 29:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.242	1.139	1.368	1.001	4373.199
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.117	3.268	5.316	1.002	2995.392
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.065	1.001	1.135	1	8210.807
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.604	1.105	2.329	1.001	8765.256
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.963	1.013	1	6821.366
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.011	0.993	1.031	1	5076.192
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.013	0.984	1.045	1	4790.75
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.02	0.996	1.047	1.001	4927.012
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.417	1.034	1.945	1	2610.663
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.01	3.769	6.73	1.001	2672.553
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.007	0.832	1.224	1.001	2971.048
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.779	0.261	2.362	1.001	3822.483
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.982	0.958	1.007	1.001	3046.624
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.991	0.967	1.015	1	3457.164
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.051	1.01	1.094	1.001	2637.524
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.997	1.044	1.001	3124.688
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.007	0.984	1.029	1.002	2840.71
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3373.882
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.257	1.911	2.631	1	3380.891
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.542	0.045	1.033	1.005	488.344

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3716, participants included: 209

 

With interaction terms included

Table 30:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.238	1.137	1.363	1	3771.179
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.179	3.346	5.356	1.001	3168.37
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.061	0.995	1.134	1	7031.373
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.013	0.687	1.5	1	8040.435
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.985	0.961	1.011	1.001	6269.339
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.008	0.988	1.029	1	5030.456
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.01	0.98	1.043	1	5451.995
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.019	0.995	1.046	1.001	4483.667
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.386	1.022	1.889	1.001	2860.015
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.71	4.307	7.703	1.001	3116.484
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.997	0.824	1.209	1.001	2952.084
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.804	0.264	2.447	1	3938.411
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.982	0.958	1.007	1.002	2522.517
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.992	0.968	1.017	1.001	3903.431
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.051	1.01	1.095	1.002	2478.323
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.997	1.045	1	2903.647
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.007	0.985	1.029	1.003	2806.243
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.725	1.409	2.128	1	6991.361
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.003	0.993	1.013	1.001	5693.629
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.006	0.991	1.02	1	5697.457
Intercept	0	0	0	1.003	3554.378

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3716, participants included: 209

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 31:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.26	1.144	1.409	1	3741.692
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	5.333	3.967	7.387	1.002	2254.881
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.07	0.998	1.151	1.001	6602.704
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.784	1.132	2.891	1	6047.544
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.959	1.015	1.001	5735.355
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.013	0.993	1.035	1.001	5138.284
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.014	0.983	1.05	1	4680.668
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.024	0.995	1.055	1.001	3889.17
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.508	1.02	2.227	1	2237.424
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	6.868	4.776	10.21	1.001	2077.937
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.023	0.806	1.299	1	2456.905
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.584	0.106	3.259	1.002	2209.819
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.979	0.95	1.009	1.002	2088.042
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.99	0.961	1.021	1.001	2719.716
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.054	1.001	1.107	1.001	2222.742
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.021	0.993	1.052	1	2297.86
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.01	0.983	1.038	1.001	2336.543
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2830.88
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.929	2.4	3.552	1.001	2043.823
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.847	0.201	1.353	1.007	468.401

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3716, participants included: 209

 

With interaction terms included

Table 32:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.258	1.143	1.396	1.001	3885.448
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	5.387	4.043	7.543	1.001	2366.818
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.066	0.992	1.145	1	8641.06
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.034	0.627	1.688	1.001	6690.689
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.984	0.957	1.013	1	6400.869
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.987	1.033	1	5059.221
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.01	0.976	1.048	1	4792.118
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.022	0.995	1.053	1.001	4372.543
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.487	1.021	2.173	1.001	2782.126
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	8.01	5.53	12.006	1.001	2467.019
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.013	0.799	1.287	1.001	3016.817
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.641	0.125	3.438	1.001	2642.54
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.98	0.95	1.009	1.002	2845.805
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.991	0.962	1.021	1.001	3626.969
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.054	1.002	1.107	1	2506.051
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.021	0.993	1.051	1.001	2719.599
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.01	0.984	1.038	1.002	2786.063
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.831	1.451	2.344	1.001	5892.666
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.003	0.992	1.014	1	5740.295
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.008	0.992	1.025	1.001	5633.344
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2648.021

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3716, participants included: 209

 

30%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 33:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.559	1.404	1.753	1.001	2747.92
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.878	0.829	0.928	1	5268.728
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.068	1.825	2.361	1.002	2889.221
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.037	0.994	1.082	1	6793.919
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.443	0.286	0.692	1	7748.995
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.613	0.25	1.519	1	8796.126
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.306	0.965	1.784	1	5967.247
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.987	1.013	1	5463.718
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.028	1.008	1.049	1.001	4382.125
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.868	2.147	7.046	1.001	2243.82
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.38	0.897	2.155	1	1864.412
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.436	2.071	2.887	1.001	2058.911
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.041	0.811	1.338	1.004	1719.923
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.461	0.226	9.471	1.001	9375.891
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.851	0.308	10.763	1	7375.749
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.89	0.24	3.361	1.003	2715.921
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.996	0.966	1.026	1.001	1360.768
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.057	1.014	1.1	1.003	1765.58
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.006	0.983	1.029	1.002	1721.164
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2458.501
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.485	2.194	2.81	1.001	2828.014
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.987	0.789	1.178	1.003	1595.917

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 11621, participants included: 183

 

With interaction terms included

Table 34:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.549	1.394	1.742	1.002	2307.545
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.863	0.813	0.913	1	5563.644
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.38	0.887	2.144	1.001	1632.489
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.035	0.991	1.08	1.001	6338.41
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.371	0.227	0.613	1.001	5999.783
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.627	0.247	1.586	1	8094.815
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.124	0.8	1.582	1	5245.565
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.988	1.013	1	5384.813
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	1.006	1.048	1.001	3976.898
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.744	2.073	6.812	1.001	1927.527
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.042	1.812	2.327	1.001	2649.465
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.553	2.153	3.041	1.002	1577.784
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.037	0.803	1.322	1.003	1368.46
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.46	0.228	9.163	1	8298.721
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.872	0.308	11.417	1	6732.412
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.892	0.246	3.323	1.003	3230.652
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.995	0.967	1.025	1.005	1579.388
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.056	1.015	1.099	1.005	1946.219
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.007	0.985	1.029	1.002	1582.876
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.027	1.009	1.045	1	6794.687
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.194	1.006	1.422	1	6611.575
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.292	0.96	1.79	1	6495.916
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.117	0.999	1.247	1.001	5632.113
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.002	0.996	1.009	1	5489.322
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	1942.602

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 11621, participants included: 183

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 35:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.596	1.425	1.815	1.002	4677.191
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.876	0.825	0.926	1	10134.8
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.167	1.895	2.508	1.001	4911.168
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.035	0.991	1.082	1	12561.931
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.424	0.256	0.704	1	12003.686
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.553	0.119	2.415	1	11023.55
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.394	0.99	2.006	1	10259.845
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.987	1.014	1.001	11419.511
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.027	1.007	1.048	1	8512.565
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	5.97	2.876	12.563	1	3830.375
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.668	0.99	2.859	1	3481.699
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.684	2.222	3.287	1	3431.77
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.005	0.747	1.349	1.001	3622.003
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	28.254	0.034	19750.167	1	5107.274
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	98.694	0.487	24747.135	1.001	6604.975
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.861	0.115	6.534	1.001	3942.507
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.995	0.962	1.029	1.001	3005.545
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.054	1.005	1.105	1.001	3521.96
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.011	0.985	1.038	1.001	3235.791
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4078.892
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.917	2.515	3.371	1.001	4334.399
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.069	0.864	1.272	1.003	2384.162

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 11621, participants included: 183

 

With interaction terms included

Table 36:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.592	1.418	1.813	1.001	3900.063
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.862	0.81	0.913	1	8046.757
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.659	0.972	2.851	1.001	2950.77
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.033	0.99	1.081	1	11732.788
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.341	0.196	0.587	1	9184.436
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.487	0.061	2.84	1	7545.442
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.188	0.825	1.734	1.001	8706.224
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.001	0.988	1.014	1	9437.204
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.024	1.003	1.047	1	7379.296
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	5.778	2.708	12.129	1	3133.718
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.153	1.884	2.496	1	4114.976
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.797	2.307	3.406	1.001	3298.011
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.999	0.752	1.326	1.001	2878.624
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	27.757	0.042	17585.263	1.001	3374.183
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	120.727	0.538	26086.742	1.001	5846.193
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.953	0.118	7.235	1.001	3558.322
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.996	0.964	1.031	1	2737.71
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.054	1.005	1.103	1.001	3258.972
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.011	0.985	1.037	1.001	2741.666
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.027	1.009	1.047	1.001	8689.051
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.227	1.016	1.493	1	9533.924
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.691	1.032	3.502	1.001	5634.589
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.116	0.999	1.25	1.001	10335.367
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.003	0.996	1.01	1	8594.217
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3876.029

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 11621, participants included: 183

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 37:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.239	1.132	1.372	1.001	4355.58
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.824	3.04	4.912	1.001	2775.197
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.061	0.993	1.137	1	8234.995
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.728	1.176	2.559	1	7846.266
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.962	1.014	1	6804.472
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.99	1.03	1.001	4956.556
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.015	0.985	1.048	1	4369.907
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.023	0.997	1.052	1	4815.705
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.404	1.004	1.952	1.001	3042.116
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.868	3.674	6.544	1.001	2918.071
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.076	0.866	1.332	1.001	2939.407
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.998	0.304	3.291	1.001	4303.831
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.985	0.959	1.012	1	2621.108
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.983	0.956	1.01	1.002	3271.432
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.06	1.013	1.11	1.001	2557.99
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.995	1.045	1	2837.314
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.005	0.982	1.03	1.002	2635.356
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3143.061
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.182	1.837	2.556	1.002	3479.185
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.562	0.052	1.034	1.005	556.467

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3505, participants included: 182

 

With interaction terms included

Table 38:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.239	1.132	1.37	1.001	4546.405
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.848	3.087	4.887	1	3124.463
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.056	0.986	1.132	1	9995.753
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.103	0.73	1.671	1	8342.608
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.961	1.012	1	7903.03
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.006	0.986	1.027	1.001	4969.218
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.012	0.981	1.047	1.001	4914.758
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.022	0.996	1.051	1.001	5386.443
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.378	0.986	1.923	1.001	3369.765
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.524	4.15	7.49	1	3554.162
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.07	0.871	1.333	1	3181.851
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.03	0.312	3.317	1	4883.202
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.986	0.961	1.011	1.001	3245.616
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.984	0.958	1.011	1	3798.163
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.059	1.012	1.109	1.002	3190.796
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.996	1.043	1.001	3512.235
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.006	0.983	1.028	1.002	3267.195
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.696	1.384	2.097	1	8041.6
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.002	0.993	1.012	1.001	6568.345
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.005	0.991	1.02	1	6475.25
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4149.492

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3505, participants included: 182

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 39:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.261	1.139	1.417	1.001	3661.285
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.875	3.669	6.77	1.001	3123.068
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.066	0.99	1.152	1	7950.882
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.993	1.24	3.346	1.001	6753.277
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.958	1.016	1	6234.184
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.01	0.989	1.033	1.001	6381.629
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.017	0.983	1.054	1.001	5012.067
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.027	0.997	1.061	1	5182.259
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.513	0.986	2.317	1	2865.299
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	6.676	4.631	10.027	1	2518.693
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.108	0.843	1.454	1.001	3200.681
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.946	0.146	6.267	1.001	2742.14
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.983	0.952	1.017	1.001	2832.533
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.98	0.947	1.014	1.001	3033.623
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.066	1.007	1.131	1	2590.764
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.021	0.99	1.051	1	3186.51
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.009	0.98	1.038	1.001	2927.599
Intercept	0	0	0	1	3128.046
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.866	2.339	3.53	1.001	1968.029
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.85	0.157	1.391	1.008	551.71

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3505, participants included: 182

 

With interaction terms included

Table 40:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.257	1.134	1.41	1.001	3419.231
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.879	3.701	6.703	1.001	2176.197
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.062	0.985	1.147	1	7491.01
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.163	0.704	1.965	1	6282.105
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.985	0.956	1.015	1.001	6819.723
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.008	0.985	1.032	1	5681.884
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.013	0.978	1.051	1.001	4428.481
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.026	0.996	1.059	1	4602.511
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.487	0.979	2.26	1.002	2808.037
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	7.659	5.273	11.505	1.001	2282.935
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.101	0.851	1.445	1.004	2598.227
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.997	0.169	6.26	1	2575.584
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.983	0.952	1.015	1.002	2522.213
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.982	0.948	1.014	1.001	3174.404
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.064	1.006	1.127	1.002	2202.412
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.991	1.051	1.001	3258.307
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.01	0.982	1.039	1.002	2648.93
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.79	1.41	2.288	1.001	5448.25
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.002	0.991	1.013	1	5252.461
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.007	0.991	1.024	1.001	4432.333
Intercept	0	0	0	1	2838.157

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3505, participants included: 182

 

40%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 41:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.514	1.36	1.714	1.001	6108.088
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.876	0.824	0.927	1.001	11740.578
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.152	1.872	2.508	1.001	6605.81
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.039	0.995	1.086	1	14963.29
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.437	0.279	0.696	1	13611.843
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.651	0.264	1.681	1.001	17006.971
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.214	0.885	1.675	1	12295.529
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.003	0.99	1.017	1	12791.658
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.028	1.007	1.051	1	9907.212
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.727	1.944	7.278	1	6447.074
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.361	0.82	2.255	1.001	4990.772
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.478	2.066	2.983	1	4593.678
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.058	0.81	1.39	1	4821.139
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.303	0.203	8.533	1.001	22475.97
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.769	0.287	10.858	1	20862.357
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.029	0.254	4.234	1.001	9107.609
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.998	0.968	1.029	1.001	4264.57
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.045	1.001	1.092	1	4987.887
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.006	0.981	1.031	1	4622.173
Intercept	0	0	0	1	6322.061
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.498	2.19	2.83	1	6776.395
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.015	0.813	1.208	1.001	2746.853

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 10879, participants included: 161

 

With interaction terms included

Table 42:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.516	1.354	1.722	1.001	3680.459
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.861	0.809	0.914	1	6434.302
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.368	0.844	2.222	1.003	2722.325
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.037	0.991	1.085	1.001	8319.815
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.369	0.225	0.615	1	8166.952
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.711	0.276	1.84	1	11016.187
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.083	0.761	1.552	1	6787.558
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.004	0.991	1.017	1.001	6612.221
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.024	1.003	1.047	1	5643.227
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.628	1.933	6.8	1.002	2857.168
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.116	1.858	2.449	1.001	3939.825
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.577	2.143	3.093	1.001	2403.316
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.045	0.808	1.343	1.001	2224.652
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.324	0.207	8.508	1.001	10824.48
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.816	0.304	10.9	1	8067.658
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.043	0.268	4.106	1.001	3956.608
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.999	0.97	1.029	1.003	2282.693
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.045	1.001	1.092	1.002	2332.996
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.006	0.982	1.029	1.002	2008.877
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.03	1.011	1.05	1	7323.419
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.192	0.997	1.429	1	8940.408
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.291	0.952	1.827	1.001	9490.861
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.096	0.978	1.232	1	8637.01
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.005	0.998	1.012	1	7105.252
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2731.726

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 10879, participants included: 161

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 43:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.549	1.376	1.776	1	5954.991
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.873	0.819	0.927	1	11701.393
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.273	1.956	2.689	1	5474.333
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.038	0.991	1.089	1	12838.789
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.42	0.244	0.73	1	10980.711
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.671	0.133	3.269	1	10704.9
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.288	0.892	1.878	1	10770.4
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.003	0.989	1.018	1.001	11001.4
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.028	1.006	1.052	1	9688.71
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	5.841	2.552	13.588	1	4572.489
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.663	0.89	3.162	1	4202.239
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.732	2.21	3.409	1	3851.251
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.027	0.743	1.412	1.001	3811.735
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	13.44	0.011	13485.617	1.001	5620.464
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	99.065	0.376	28425.161	1	8203.445
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.333	0.136	12.977	1	4748.882
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.998	0.963	1.034	1.001	3569.996
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.043	0.989	1.099	1.001	3849.106
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.011	0.981	1.041	1.001	3579.617
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4796.416
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.984	2.557	3.492	1.001	4572.566
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.098	0.891	1.309	1.001	2684.044

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 10879, participants included: 161

 

With interaction terms included

Table 44:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.546	1.376	1.767	1.001	5246.802
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.857	0.802	0.91	1	9947.185
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.681	0.906	3.199	1.001	3974.881
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.035	0.987	1.086	1.001	13143.798
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.337	0.187	0.608	1	11347.083
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.7	0.078	4.988	1	8120.579
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.134	0.755	1.699	1	8633.729
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.004	0.99	1.018	1	10080.114
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.023	1.002	1.048	1	8206.024
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	5.726	2.586	13.006	1.001	4365.223
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.241	1.946	2.619	1.001	5181.55
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.847	2.309	3.547	1	3383.46
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.015	0.736	1.398	1.001	3556.011
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	14.996	0.013	14601.999	1.001	4459.573
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	131.776	0.482	33354.651	1.001	6811.46
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.314	0.129	12.649	1.001	3947.886
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.999	0.964	1.036	1	2848.049
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.043	0.99	1.097	1	3998.889
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.01	0.981	1.04	1.001	3231.212
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.031	1.012	1.052	1	12420.908
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.23	1.007	1.511	1	13473.418
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.724	1.011	3.821	1	5822.38
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.094	0.967	1.237	1	12454.286
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.005	0.998	1.013	1	9854.653
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4452.562

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 10879, participants included: 161

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 45:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.206	1.101	1.333	1.001	6709.189
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.57	2.838	4.585	1.001	4388.149
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.072	0.998	1.151	1	10188.008
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.79	1.21	2.699	1	10050.944
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.985	0.959	1.013	1.001	7742.296
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.989	1.029	1	7204.46
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.016	0.985	1.051	1	5433.872
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.023	0.995	1.053	1	6080.259
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.514	1.056	2.173	1.001	4292.15
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.457	3.338	5.999	1.001	3850.118
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.125	0.901	1.407	1	4239.745
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.035	0.296	3.462	1	5634.546
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.984	0.957	1.012	1.001	3583.08
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.976	0.947	1.003	1.001	4886.893
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.058	1.009	1.112	1.001	3672.99
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.018	0.992	1.046	1.001	3745.473
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.004	0.979	1.029	1	3594.557
Intercept	0	0	0	1	5144.417
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.172	1.837	2.549	1	4251.909
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.569	0.043	1.066	1.011	836.018

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3185, participants included: 160

 

With interaction terms included

Table 46:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.204	1.097	1.33	1	5646.782
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.638	2.924	4.651	1.001	4044.958
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.069	0.997	1.149	1	8301.598
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.173	0.767	1.796	1	8828.876
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.983	0.957	1.01	1	7333.475
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.006	0.986	1.027	1.001	5816.197
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.011	0.98	1.046	1	4202.239
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.022	0.996	1.052	1.001	5328.695
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.49	1.045	2.153	1.001	3420.597
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.072	3.794	6.848	1.001	3429.985
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.115	0.892	1.399	1.002	3100.28
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.084	0.32	3.735	1.001	4894.036
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.984	0.957	1.011	1	3326.005
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.977	0.948	1.005	1.001	3850.196
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.059	1.009	1.113	1.001	3339.809
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.018	0.991	1.046	1.001	2953.718
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.005	0.98	1.03	1	3223.417
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.664	1.347	2.064	1	7602.724
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.003	0.992	1.013	1	5784.05
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.009	0.995	1.025	1.001	6148.369
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4144.004

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3185, participants included: 160

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 47:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.224	1.104	1.374	1	4589.889
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.541	3.407	6.354	1.001	2784.011
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.078	0.995	1.169	1	6682.57
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.099	1.248	3.709	1	5427.22
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.983	0.953	1.015	1	5733.535
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.011	0.989	1.034	1	5547.276
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.019	0.984	1.059	1	4500.346
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.027	0.995	1.062	1	4612.527
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.668	1.058	2.683	1.001	2564.604
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	6.088	4.193	9.167	1.001	2708.786
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.167	0.875	1.557	1.001	2799.131
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.988	0.124	7.66	1	2505.044
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.982	0.948	1.017	1.001	2344.959
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.971	0.935	1.007	1	2931.355
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.067	1.001	1.139	1	2236.991
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.021	0.987	1.057	1.002	2614.345
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.008	0.977	1.04	1.001	2571.032
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3059.109
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.894	2.319	3.569	1.001	2499.317
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.898	0.183	1.47	1.005	541.293

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3185, participants included: 160

 

With interaction terms included

Table 48:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.221	1.101	1.367	1	4285.554
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.615	3.481	6.408	1	2811.846
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.076	0.99	1.17	1	6457.465
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.268	0.746	2.178	1	5603.489
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.982	0.951	1.012	1.001	5610.771
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.008	0.984	1.031	1.001	5105.976
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.011	0.976	1.05	1.001	4417.742
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.026	0.995	1.06	1.001	4061.333
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.633	1.038	2.63	1.002	2096.601
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	7.068	4.827	10.8	1.001	2659.754
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.157	0.872	1.541	1.002	2634.612
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.042	0.136	7.378	1.001	2526.86
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.982	0.948	1.016	1.002	2383.943
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.972	0.937	1.008	1.001	2974.884
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.067	1.004	1.136	1.002	2287.542
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.021	0.987	1.057	1.001	2412.083
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.01	0.978	1.041	1.001	2402.996
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.749	1.375	2.253	1	6272.531
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.002	0.99	1.014	1.001	5096.371
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.012	0.995	1.03	1	4823.316
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2262.672

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 3185, participants included: 160

 

50%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 49:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.531	1.359	1.748	1.003	2699.722
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.878	0.825	0.933	1	5579.933
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.259	1.954	2.658	1.002	2508.944
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.056	1.007	1.109	1	7551.821
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.463	0.288	0.759	1	7652.457
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.678	0.256	1.758	1.001	8999.864
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.242	0.892	1.754	1.001	5052.669
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.007	0.993	1.022	1.001	5531.312
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.034	1.011	1.06	1	4885.106
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.357	1.693	6.654	1.002	1794.84
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.302	0.766	2.21	1.003	1683.76
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.748	2.274	3.351	1.002	1969.945
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.059	0.799	1.405	1.003	1747.135
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.503	0.233	9.267	1.001	9417.024
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.822	0.297	10.66	1	7161.347
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.908	0.233	3.522	1.001	3416.868
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1	0.968	1.032	1	1579.273
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.049	1.002	1.1	1.001	2045.428
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.007	0.983	1.032	1.001	1682.921
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2313.327
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.453	2.139	2.804	1	3357.802
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.967	0.749	1.181	1.002	1372.025

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 9957, participants included: 138

 

With interaction terms included

Table 50:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.531	1.36	1.746	1.001	2619.095
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.858	0.803	0.915	1.001	4223.806
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.329	0.773	2.237	1.002	1816.713
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.054	1.005	1.107	1	6596.344
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.389	0.231	0.659	1.001	4978.471
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.75	0.273	2.077	1	8642.396
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.13	0.78	1.632	1	5213.307
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.008	0.993	1.022	1.002	5320.958
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.03	1.006	1.056	1.001	4144.487
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.314	1.677	6.547	1.001	2025.717
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.218	1.922	2.609	1.001	2716.269
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.844	2.363	3.462	1.001	1734.529
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.043	0.792	1.391	1.002	1524.089
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.525	0.235	9.659	1	8191.615
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.837	0.302	11.033	1	6506.778
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.898	0.229	3.613	1.002	3143.374
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.971	1.033	1.001	1551.77
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.05	1.004	1.098	1.001	1756.37
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.007	0.982	1.032	1.003	1565.029
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.034	1.014	1.056	1	6041.639
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.191	0.993	1.44	1	6176.054
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.283	0.939	1.833	1	6725.972
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.078	0.959	1.215	1.001	6449.445
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.005	0.998	1.013	1.001	5067.627
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2114.869

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 9957, participants included: 138

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 51:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.568	1.384	1.814	1	5208.275
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.873	0.816	0.93	1	10360.385
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.409	2.045	2.89	1	4459.396
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.055	1.002	1.11	1	13386.245
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.461	0.263	0.836	1	12065.178
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.784	0.125	5.457	1	9589.03
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.349	0.924	1.992	1	8326.303
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.007	0.993	1.022	1	10664.605
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.034	1.01	1.062	1	8201.25
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	5.542	2.298	13.877	1.001	4155.721
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.657	0.848	3.318	1.001	3719.978
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	3.103	2.496	3.941	1	3748.383
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.013	0.719	1.42	1.001	3584.739
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	118.472	0.062	171318.555	1	4829.259
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	106.798	0.395	26036.964	1.001	7381.431
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.101	0.108	11.794	1.001	3688.268
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.998	0.961	1.035	1	2912.605
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.052	0.995	1.112	1.001	3446.73
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.013	0.982	1.044	1.001	2894.413
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3917.612
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	3.006	2.526	3.582	1.001	3800.941
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.059	0.822	1.299	1.003	1588.451

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 9957, participants included: 138

 

With interaction terms included

Table 52:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.569	1.384	1.812	1	5676.742
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.852	0.793	0.91	1	9096.25
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.678	0.874	3.271	1.001	3753.335
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.052	1	1.107	1	13279.647
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.363	0.192	0.697	1	11781.15
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.89	0.06	11.508	1	8368.354
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.218	0.799	1.884	1	8233.652
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.008	0.993	1.023	1	9846.694
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.029	1.005	1.056	1.001	7744.275
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	5.387	2.32	12.826	1.001	4283.959
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.375	2.025	2.83	1	5073.107
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	3.189	2.547	4.063	1.001	3826.943
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.001	0.706	1.41	1.001	3186.715
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	138.132	0.087	226560.546	1.001	5127.594
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	129.653	0.59	28440.871	1	7315.177
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	1.122	0.108	11.076	1.001	3943.425
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.001	0.964	1.038	1.001	2785.385
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.052	0.997	1.113	1.001	3887.63
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.013	0.984	1.044	1.001	3522.325
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.037	1.016	1.06	1	10624.879
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.23	1.003	1.521	1.001	11719.137
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.981	1.033	5.977	1	5572.085
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.069	0.935	1.217	1	11754.076
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.006	0.998	1.014	1.001	9891.941
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4319.826

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 9957, participants included: 138

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 53:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.205	1.095	1.335	1.001	4422.198
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.635	2.839	4.749	1	3510.147
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.08	0.998	1.169	1	8375.307
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.885	1.223	2.952	1	9007.222
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.99	0.958	1.022	1	6250.48
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.009	0.987	1.033	1	5163.014
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.025	0.99	1.065	1.001	4063.279
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.023	0.993	1.056	1.001	5126.238
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.345	0.893	2.007	1.002	2843.09
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.298	3.177	5.875	1.001	3372.298
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.072	0.843	1.369	1.001	3003.45
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.915	0.254	3.405	1.001	4539.621
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.987	0.957	1.018	1.001	2791.974
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.979	0.944	1.012	1.002	3033.749
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.081	1.024	1.145	1.001	2760.064
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.024	0.997	1.053	1	3082.501
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.973	1.026	1	2694.876
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3672.019
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.136	1.787	2.527	1.001	3593.995
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.503	0.044	1.024	1.004	914.72

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2896, participants included: 137

 

With interaction terms included

Table 54:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.202	1.09	1.335	1	5162.731
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.805	2.994	5.025	1.001	3328.237
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.076	0.994	1.168	1	8979.145
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.182	0.744	1.858	1.001	7580.709
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.987	0.955	1.021	1	5926.961
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.005	0.982	1.03	1.001	5872.524
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.019	0.984	1.06	1	4437.453
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.023	0.993	1.056	1.001	5500.549
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.315	0.878	1.976	1.001	3027.285
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.021	3.709	6.973	1.001	3309.599
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.064	0.838	1.359	1	3472.467
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.952	0.257	3.482	1.001	4764.506
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.988	0.96	1.018	1.002	2918.726
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.98	0.947	1.014	1.001	4013.734
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.082	1.024	1.146	1	2857.555
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.025	0.997	1.053	1	3198.866
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1	0.974	1.027	1.001	2978.952
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.763	1.406	2.231	1	7042.896
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.004	0.992	1.015	1.001	6110.77
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.009	0.993	1.025	1	5514.979
Intercept	0	0	0	1	3688.215

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2896, participants included: 137

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 55:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.226	1.098	1.386	1.001	5143.497
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.672	3.418	6.652	1	2956.976
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.087	0.995	1.187	1.001	9146.17
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.244	1.277	4.15	1	5769.434
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.988	0.953	1.026	1	6179.712
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.01	0.984	1.037	1	5390.458
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.028	0.989	1.076	1	4510.702
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.027	0.992	1.066	1.001	4947.631
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.457	0.864	2.481	1	2631.802
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.927	3.96	9.335	1.001	2218.192
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.126	0.823	1.558	1	2706.655
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.714	0.071	6.606	1.001	3464.63
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.986	0.949	1.024	1	3386.19
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.974	0.931	1.016	1.001	3884.02
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.093	1.018	1.176	1	2752.903
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.029	0.995	1.067	1.001	3329.36
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.003	0.969	1.039	1	3085.334
Intercept	0	0	0	1	2657.201
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.894	2.301	3.631	1.001	2780.038
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.82	0.089	1.491	1.008	735.365

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2896, participants included: 137

 

With interaction terms included

Table 56:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.22	1.094	1.378	1	3767.943
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.829	3.557	6.86	1.002	2311.078
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.086	0.99	1.192	1	7214.776
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.257	0.709	2.261	1	5339.822
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.986	0.951	1.024	1.001	5686.203
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.006	0.979	1.034	1.001	4814.828
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.021	0.981	1.068	1.001	3980.599
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.025	0.992	1.063	1.001	4399.731
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.414	0.849	2.376	1.003	2309.697
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	7.075	4.617	11.246	1.003	2182.461
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.11	0.812	1.527	1.001	2471.575
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.742	0.079	6.636	1.001	2285.418
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.986	0.95	1.023	1	2169.845
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.975	0.933	1.018	1	2994.249
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.095	1.022	1.177	1.002	2073.218
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.029	0.993	1.066	1.002	2022.326
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.004	0.972	1.04	1.003	2228.688
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.864	1.437	2.473	1	5604.622
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.004	0.991	1.016	1.001	4347.257
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.012	0.994	1.031	1.001	3877.165
Intercept	0	0	0	1.003	2672.488

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2896, participants included: 137

 

60%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 57:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.488	1.322	1.699	1.001	5402.956
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.864	0.806	0.924	1	8248.442
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.229	1.884	2.667	1	4892.973
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.055	1.002	1.111	1	11862.395
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.378	0.228	0.633	1	11424.092
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.829	0.3	2.334	1.001	12945.394
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.401	1.02	1.953	1	10551.6
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.002	0.988	1.017	1.001	7733.111
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.033	1.007	1.062	1	7753.869
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.3	1.546	7.144	1	4347.756
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.329	0.769	2.329	1.001	3524.932
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.677	2.212	3.264	1	3788.989
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.128	0.834	1.524	1.001	3836.624
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.238	0.188	7.791	1	15341.242
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.708	0.271	10.874	1	12531.738
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.434	0.098	2.03	1	6762.791
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.002	0.969	1.036	1.001	2996.923
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.082	1.025	1.142	1.002	4412.157
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.005	0.978	1.032	1.001	3134.182
Intercept	0	0	0	1	4359.817
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.308	1.981	2.673	1.001	5025.021
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.883	0.652	1.115	1.001	1758.882

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 8684, participants included: 111

 

With interaction terms included

Table 58:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.483	1.314	1.696	1.001	7284.253
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.847	0.786	0.909	1	11769.853
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.346	0.784	2.321	1.002	5535.926
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.054	1	1.111	1	14632.118
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.346	0.2	0.597	1	15861.81
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.932	0.321	2.703	1	17703.627
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.291	0.903	1.873	1.001	12001.023
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.002	0.988	1.018	1	13586.63
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.03	1.004	1.059	1.001	9721.284
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.223	1.542	6.779	1.002	6758.548
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.202	1.88	2.623	1	6554.677
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.741	2.264	3.357	1	5160.597
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.112	0.82	1.501	1	5309.078
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.243	0.186	8.169	1	24460.409
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.71	0.275	10.429	1	21543.983
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.441	0.1	2.024	1	9968.313
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.004	0.971	1.036	1	4955.714
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.083	1.025	1.144	1	5674.895
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.004	0.977	1.031	1.001	4782.046
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.036	1.015	1.058	1	13579.044
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.116	0.917	1.361	1	15511.588
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.148	0.833	1.631	1	15920.235
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.064	0.945	1.198	1	15294.611
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.005	0.996	1.013	1	12145.068
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	6344.146

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 8684, participants included: 111

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 59:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.513	1.334	1.753	1	4803.449
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.859	0.796	0.923	1.001	8174.048
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.389	1.99	2.943	1	4003.331
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.054	0.997	1.117	1.001	10823.644
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.352	0.191	0.651	1	10931.497
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.874	0.113	6.287	1	8376.805
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.517	1.054	2.215	1	8050.888
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.002	0.986	1.017	1	8002.896
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.033	1.006	1.063	1	6861.274
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	6.359	2.281	19.123	1.001	3228.214
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.893	0.918	3.979	1.001	3085.619
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	3.059	2.432	3.93	1.001	3108.08
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.12	0.765	1.642	1.001	2639.099
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	12.354	0.004	37854.873	1.002	4275.21
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	52.077	0.161	14688.913	1	5485.473
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.177	0.01	2.981	1.001	3064.8
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.007	0.968	1.049	1.001	2759.793
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.082	1.01	1.158	1	2887.431
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.011	0.978	1.047	1.001	2692.345
Intercept	0	0	0	1	3486.625
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.876	2.371	3.48	1.001	3710.302
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.962	0.712	1.208	1.002	1692.839

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 8684, participants included: 111

 

With interaction terms included

Table 60:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.509	1.332	1.757	1	5125.552
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.841	0.779	0.903	1	7941.586
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.892	0.942	3.974	1.001	3234.598
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.051	0.995	1.113	1	11459.889
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.306	0.156	0.596	1	10371.191
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.899	0.042	11.314	1	5638.451
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.395	0.924	2.156	1	7626.113
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.002	0.987	1.018	1	8922.001
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.029	1.002	1.059	1	6606.549
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	6.003	2.176	17.383	1	3720.912
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.36	1.975	2.889	1	4738.345
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	3.137	2.476	4.012	1.001	3344.075
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.099	0.752	1.624	1.002	2570.381
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	14.843	0.005	45113.982	1	4230.88
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	55.717	0.221	16633.437	1	6332.444
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.197	0.011	3.181	1.001	3510.835
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	1.01	0.971	1.051	1.001	3190.974
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.083	1.014	1.159	1	3239.687
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.01	0.977	1.045	1	3232.064
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.038	1.015	1.062	1	9301.065
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.151	0.926	1.443	1	10502.472
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.596	0.872	4.563	1.001	4411.821
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.054	0.926	1.198	1	10365.157
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.005	0.996	1.014	1.001	8379.355
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3576.613

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 8684, participants included: 111

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 61:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.217	1.089	1.381	1	5313.511
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.755	2.878	5.125	1	3272.156
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.079	0.987	1.182	1	7230.325
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.808	1.169	2.857	1	7351.52
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.994	0.96	1.028	1	5872.146
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.004	0.982	1.028	1.001	5424.99
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.017	0.978	1.063	1.001	3350.507
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.021	0.989	1.057	1.001	4215.342
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.477	0.939	2.338	1.002	2829.866
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.121	2.983	5.797	1.001	2969.37
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.156	0.886	1.518	1.002	2933.047
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.562	0.147	2.175	1.001	4729.879
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.991	0.96	1.022	1.001	2638.196
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.979	0.941	1.018	1.002	2778.687
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.12	1.052	1.196	1.001	2699.865
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.014	0.985	1.043	1.001	2502.612
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.969	1.024	1	2441.7
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3837.554
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.006	1.649	2.418	1	3545.253
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.421	0.022	0.933	1.012	735.034

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2508, participants included: 110

 

With interaction terms included

Table 62:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.214	1.086	1.374	1	6667.676
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.919	3.012	5.255	1	4207.108
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.074	0.979	1.181	1	8582.717
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.165	0.729	1.883	1	9094.335
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.992	0.958	1.028	1	7499.241
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1	0.977	1.026	1.001	6169.054
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.012	0.974	1.059	1	3984.441
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.021	0.99	1.056	1.001	5488.557
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.446	0.929	2.267	1.002	3708.164
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.926	3.512	7.041	1.001	3305.273
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.14	0.885	1.482	1.001	4413.196
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.578	0.145	2.315	1	6222.911
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.992	0.961	1.023	1.001	3606.794
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.98	0.943	1.019	1.001	4052.141
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.121	1.054	1.196	1.001	3458.465
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.014	0.986	1.043	1.001	3470.161
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.996	0.97	1.024	1.001	3994.811
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.764	1.389	2.286	1	8926.238
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.003	0.991	1.015	1	5817.081
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.01	0.991	1.028	1	5758.331
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4366.095

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2508, participants included: 110

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 63:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.245	1.09	1.441	1	4819.848
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.989	3.469	7.492	1.001	2876.846
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.082	0.973	1.199	1	7112.872
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.118	1.181	3.9	1	6316.888
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.994	0.954	1.036	1.001	5657.775
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.004	0.977	1.033	1	5727.989
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.019	0.975	1.073	1.001	4014.402
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.025	0.986	1.069	1	3965.49
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.696	0.931	3.148	1.002	2756.485
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.811	3.759	9.481	1	2613.601
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.249	0.886	1.794	1.002	3064.711
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.231	0.018	2.691	1.001	2499.309
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.989	0.949	1.029	1	2708.442
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.967	0.918	1.017	1.001	2716.117
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.152	1.061	1.26	1.001	2576.184
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.018	0.98	1.057	1.001	2157.905
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.004	0.967	1.041	1.001	2405.86
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	3106.518
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.75	2.145	3.489	1.001	2757.561
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.651	0.036	1.325	1.002	690.029

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2508, participants included: 110

 

With interaction terms included

Table 64:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.241	1.088	1.431	1.001	7043.777
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	5.269	3.734	7.975	1.002	3762.883
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.082	0.973	1.203	1	9405.809
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.222	0.667	2.34	1	7891.491
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.991	0.951	1.034	1.001	7736.902
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.001	0.973	1.032	1.001	7826.705
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.012	0.968	1.066	1.001	4767.175
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.024	0.986	1.069	1.001	5273.637
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.638	0.906	3.061	1	4241.448
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	7.299	4.611	12.32	1.002	3446.542
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.224	0.86	1.777	1	4272.116
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.251	0.021	2.841	1.001	4423.045
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.99	0.95	1.032	1.001	4117.665
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.969	0.92	1.021	1	4769.274
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.152	1.062	1.255	1	3831.416
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.017	0.98	1.055	1.002	3762.302
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.003	0.966	1.04	1.001	3372.088
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.898	1.415	2.587	1	8333.071
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.002	0.988	1.017	1	7233.694
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.013	0.991	1.037	1	5449.131
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	3476.991

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 2508, participants included: 110

 

70%

Type of adherence measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 65:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.411	1.241	1.633	1.001	8740.792
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.886	0.821	0.952	1	12643.919
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.487	2.027	3.114	1.001	6720.662
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.076	1.012	1.148	1.001	14140.568
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.417	0.239	0.737	1	14498.779
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.518	0.173	1.555	1	18015.208
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.519	1.069	2.201	1	12325.049
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.001	0.984	1.018	1	12412.393
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.035	1.004	1.068	1	9506.967
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.257	0.868	5.826	1	6384.574
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.031	0.555	1.901	1	6198.079
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.491	1.988	3.143	1	5482.372
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.981	0.696	1.379	1	5312.746
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.519	0.229	10.223	1	22139.852
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.483	0.233	9.379	1	20579.685
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.351	0.072	1.775	1.001	13474.42
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.989	0.951	1.028	1	5028.97
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.088	1.022	1.158	1	5769.247
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.013	0.982	1.044	1	5672.697
Intercept	0	0	0	1	5947.426
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.335	1.969	2.739	1	8687.538
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.875	0.617	1.126	1.001	2285.811

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 6990, participants included: 81

 

With interaction terms included

Table 66:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.408	1.24	1.628	1.001	8158.038
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.87	0.803	0.94	1	11532.805
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.038	0.568	1.895	1	6421.344
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.073	1.008	1.143	1.001	14892.559
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.379	0.207	0.708	1	14312.617
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.49	0.153	1.625	1	17717.595
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.395	0.957	2.091	1.001	11176.835
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.001	0.984	1.018	1	12768.91
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.028	0.997	1.062	1	8565.255
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	2.271	0.902	5.788	1	7139.895
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.46	2.016	3.075	1	7023.911
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.551	2.019	3.219	1	4611.234
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.981	0.699	1.38	1	5797.768
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.528	0.231	10.047	1.001	24769.498
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.494	0.234	9.403	1.001	21435.694
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.359	0.074	1.798	1	13084.63
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.989	0.952	1.027	1.001	4711.253
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.088	1.022	1.159	1.001	5598.789
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.013	0.982	1.043	1	5773.905
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.026	1.003	1.05	1	14245.877
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.128	0.917	1.396	1	15360.663
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.411	0.909	2.321	1	12572.731
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.06	0.933	1.207	1	13419.24
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.008	0.998	1.018	1	12911.993
Intercept	0	0	0	1	6955.568

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 6990, participants included: 81

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 67:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.439	1.254	1.689	1	4419.427
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.883	0.816	0.953	1	7336.129
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.716	2.155	3.582	1.001	3271.697
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.078	1.009	1.156	1	8228.517
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.376	0.185	0.78	1	8321.388
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.396	0.03	4.336	1	5823.94
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.701	1.139	2.67	1	6129.004
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.001	0.983	1.019	1.001	7334.215
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.035	1.003	1.072	1	5042.159
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	4.186	0.946	19.725	1.002	2300.723
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	1.319	0.536	3.328	1.001	2354.065
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.793	2.082	3.783	1.002	2357.133
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.876	0.529	1.411	1.001	2325.583
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1688.118	0.098	27276470.444	1	2736.427
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	22.836	0.035	15944.178	1.001	3373.677
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.065	0.002	2.411	1.002	2293.083
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.983	0.935	1.032	1.002	2262.357
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.109	1.022	1.207	1	2425.769
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.031	0.99	1.072	1.001	2330.223
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	2533.432
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.947	2.352	3.692	1	2962.381
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.973	0.702	1.245	1	1960.696

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 6990, participants included: 81

 

With interaction terms included

Table 68:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.435	1.246	1.693	1	3782.921
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.869	0.798	0.941	1.001	6798.922
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	1.344	0.552	3.403	1.001	1962.297
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.072	1.004	1.149	1	7573.057
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.316	0.139	0.716	1	6501.25
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.05	0	6.784	1.001	3020.992
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.55	0.991	2.563	1.001	5353.788
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1.001	0.983	1.019	1.002	6660.99
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.027	0.994	1.064	1	5197.626
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	4.413	0.983	21.014	1.002	2121.273
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.711	2.155	3.507	1	3904.919
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.891	2.148	3.939	1.002	2157.463
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.887	0.555	1.426	1.001	2065.12
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1541.446	0.114	22996842.917	1.003	2957.071
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	24.361	0.041	19306.17	1.001	3366.661
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.081	0.002	3.179	1.001	2342.035
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.986	0.94	1.036	1.001	2075.996
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.109	1.023	1.206	1.002	2293.82
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.029	0.99	1.072	1.001	2346.966
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.027	1.003	1.053	1	7867.619
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.191	0.932	1.542	1	6836.688
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	5.549	1.157	163.768	1.002	1935.395
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.047	0.903	1.209	1	7241.945
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.008	0.998	1.019	1	6519.011
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2322.05

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 6990, participants included: 81

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 69:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.246	1.09	1.444	1	7886.282
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.427	2.564	4.772	1	5981.63
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.085	0.985	1.193	1.001	11531.604
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.145	1.32	3.574	1	11010.159
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.997	0.959	1.037	1	9099.504
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.005	0.98	1.031	1	8698.799
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.008	0.973	1.049	1	7768.107
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.013	0.975	1.056	1	7608.9
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.127	0.67	1.885	1	5404.978
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	3.92	2.739	5.736	1.001	4958.829
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.019	0.762	1.364	1	5397.45
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.446	0.102	1.876	1	7958.11
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.981	0.945	1.019	1.001	5052.82
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.984	0.943	1.026	1.001	6017.725
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.11	1.035	1.192	1.001	4790.732
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.016	0.984	1.051	1	5394.724
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.003	0.973	1.033	1.001	4725.793
Intercept	0	0	0	1	5868.357
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	1.958	1.586	2.382	1	7079.147
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.348	0.014	0.842	1.001	1816.429

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1932, participants included: 80

 

With interaction terms included

Table 70:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.242	1.087	1.434	1	7680.289
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.61	2.72	5.031	1	5391.571
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.078	0.974	1.192	1.001	10218.506
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.474	0.869	2.505	1	10536.234
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.995	0.955	1.036	1	8376.82
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.004	0.976	1.032	1	7464.955
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.009	0.971	1.052	1	7398.296
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.014	0.975	1.055	1	8233.299
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.146	0.692	1.897	1.001	4791.289
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	4.384	3.042	6.499	1.001	4852.872
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.026	0.773	1.358	1	4533.371
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.455	0.1	1.994	1	8473.35
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.982	0.946	1.021	1	3998.466
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.983	0.941	1.025	1	4999.434
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.112	1.039	1.195	1	4652.245
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.016	0.984	1.051	1.001	4404.027
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.002	0.973	1.031	1	4700.163
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.642	1.262	2.167	1	9683.743
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	0.999	0.986	1.012	1	6964.347
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.002	0.98	1.024	1	7235.247
Intercept	0	0	0	1	5040.622

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1932, participants included: 80

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 71:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.291	1.099	1.541	1	5366.32
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	4.642	3.139	7.394	1.001	3240.081
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.088	0.969	1.222	1.001	7686.177
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.972	1.467	6.784	1.001	5195.395
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	1	0.952	1.051	1	6857.214
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.005	0.975	1.037	1	6174.448
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.01	0.969	1.059	1.001	5902.344
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.014	0.967	1.066	1	6144.827
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.28	0.612	2.677	1.001	3301.285
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	6.214	3.697	11.412	1.001	3312.86
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.068	0.709	1.6	1.001	3083.395
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.079	0.004	1.493	1.001	3885.245
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.971	0.922	1.021	1.001	3558.273
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.959	0.901	1.018	1	4165.275
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.145	1.036	1.268	1.001	2827.827
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.026	0.981	1.074	1	3739.282
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.018	0.977	1.061	1	3569.138
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	3781.012
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.786	2.114	3.626	1.001	2995.195
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.549	0.027	1.244	1.002	1145.936

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1932, participants included: 80

 

With interaction terms included

Table 72:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.282	1.092	1.542	1	5588.363
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	5.004	3.353	8.084	1	3102.27
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.084	0.965	1.22	1.001	8895.417
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.854	0.891	4.215	1	6108.358
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.998	0.95	1.051	1	6938.688
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.006	0.973	1.041	1	5655.897
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.008	0.962	1.061	1	5071.942
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.016	0.967	1.068	1.001	5560.598
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.292	0.634	2.678	1.001	3012.359
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	7.227	4.192	13.456	1.001	2987.012
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	1.077	0.719	1.609	1.001	3002.257
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.081	0.004	1.608	1.001	3505.183
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	0.973	0.924	1.028	1.002	3282.24
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.959	0.899	1.018	1.001	3428.046
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.148	1.044	1.271	1.001	3076.564
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.025	0.98	1.074	1.001	3649.878
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.017	0.976	1.061	1.001	3548.195
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.747	1.273	2.458	1	7603.62
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	0.996	0.979	1.013	1	5042.885
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	1.005	0.978	1.033	1.001	5363.006
Intercept	0	0	0	1.002	3321.727

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1932, participants included: 80

 

80%

Type of preventative measures:

Distance

Priors:

Vague

No interaction terms included

Table 73:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.317	1.165	1.513	1	10883.95
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.89	0.818	0.964	1	11662.841
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.399	1.866	3.225	1	6960.856
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.047	0.975	1.127	1	17043.931
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.362	0.191	0.694	1	15487.48
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.656	0.192	2.215	1	18031.698
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.556	1	2.5	1	13443.253
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.975	1.023	1	12233.698
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.051	1.016	1.091	1	9490.436
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.725	0.556	5.181	1	7902.482
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	0.878	0.418	1.773	1	7775.006
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.088	1.598	2.74	1	6174.705
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.976	0.673	1.427	1	6318.735
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.897	0.285	12.286	1	25970.385
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.455	0.243	8.73	1	21414.613
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.428	0.075	2.431	1	17236.94
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.989	0.949	1.031	1	5676.572
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.14	1.06	1.225	1	6208.454
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.005	0.964	1.048	1.001	6048.8
Intercept	0	0	0	1	8239.569
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.252	1.862	2.684	1	10860.301
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.949	0.668	1.226	1.003	2775.691

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 5191, participants included: 56

 

With interaction terms included

Table 74:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.317	1.166	1.514	1	7969.618
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.875	0.806	0.951	1	8572.577
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	0.884	0.436	1.814	1.001	5022.766
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.044	0.971	1.122	1	10867.583
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.356	0.178	0.709	1	11066.226
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.662	0.184	2.302	1	14460.021
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.479	0.91	2.511	1	7770.256
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	1	0.976	1.025	1.001	8098.954
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.043	1.008	1.082	1	6633.27
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	1.765	0.593	5.404	1.001	5208.995
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.368	1.829	3.182	1	4198.39
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.117	1.613	2.806	1	3812.335
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.975	0.671	1.425	1.001	4188.554
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	1.93	0.295	12.845	1.002	17052.834
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	1.465	0.232	9.235	1	15178.042
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.444	0.082	2.479	1	10623.478
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.989	0.949	1.03	1.001	3769.819
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.141	1.061	1.229	1.001	3673.646
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.005	0.963	1.048	1	4097.42
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.025	1.001	1.051	1	11610.205
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.06	0.823	1.378	1	11084.142
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	1.447	0.887	2.518	1	8741.789
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.042	0.884	1.226	1.001	8263.913
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.009	0.998	1.021	1	7667.293
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4844.61

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 5191, participants included: 56

 

Flat

No interaction terms included

Table 75:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.324	1.159	1.541	1	4359.743
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.886	0.812	0.965	1	6410.127
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	2.694	1.987	3.85	1.002	2088.334
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.046	0.969	1.133	1	7826.806
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.306	0.13	0.761	1.001	6090.105
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.385	0.005	14.318	1.001	3906.762
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.868	1.091	3.479	1	4147.74
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.998	0.972	1.025	1	5185.021
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.052	1.015	1.095	1.002	3897.288
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.163	0.463	23.189	1.001	1987.784
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	0.914	0.302	2.899	1.002	2171.519
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.248	1.582	3.3	1.004	1713.647
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.725	0.408	1.28	1.003	1881.838
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	27547579.176	469.097	2318026979715.74	1.001	2477.003
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	41.753	0.036	52524.762	1.001	2843.795
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.02	0	2.64	1.004	2490.578
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.969	0.916	1.023	1	2285.845
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.24	1.118	1.383	1.001	1881.775
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.06	1	1.126	1.001	2166.869
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	2168.961
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	2.811	2.1	3.719	1.001	2755.788
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	1.092	0.781	1.423	1.001	1854.678

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 5191, participants included: 56

 

With interaction terms included

Table 76:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with distance measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.308	1.144	1.532	1	5420.801
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (ws)	0.871	0.794	0.948	1	7023.214
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	0.954	0.314	2.987	1	3069.177
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.041	0.962	1.128	1	8160.991
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Others (ws)	0.281	0.105	0.776	1.001	6800.746
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-compliance: Own group (ws)	0.008	0	3216.654	1.003	1932.509
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.741	0.952	3.541	1	4934.053
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (ws)	0.999	0.972	1.026	1	6639.739
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.043	1.005	1.085	1	4951.3
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	3.978	0.628	28.687	1.001	3180.647
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conflict (bs)	2.735	1.992	3.994	1.001	3252.652
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.311	1.629	3.358	1.001	2742.056
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.756	0.434	1.294	1	3250.198
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Others (bs)	23586055.865	420.422	1990929040012.43	1.003	2303.823
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Non-Compliance: Own group (bs)	33.523	0.038	39992.611	1.001	3545.678
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.027	0	3.098	1.001	3320.861
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Attitudes (bs)	0.972	0.921	1.026	1.001	2862.039
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.25	1.129	1.388	1.001	2880.355
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	1.061	1.003	1.125	1	2765.349
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Conflict	1.027	1.001	1.054	1	8899.493
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Others	1.151	0.84	1.645	1	7223.805
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Non-compliance: Own group	61.863	1.623	45935.453	1.004	1583.648
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.019	0.836	1.228	1	6262.239
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit strength	1.009	0.997	1.022	1.001	6419.247
Intercept	0	0	0	1	3344.651

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 5191, participants included: 56

 

Hygiene

Priors:

Vague

No interaction term included

Table 77:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.268	1.067	1.547	1	6130.8
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.279	2.274	4.981	1.001	4753.49
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.057	0.927	1.2	1.001	9609.388
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.912	1.059	3.541	1	10185.007
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	1.002	0.953	1.057	1.001	7246.538
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.018	0.986	1.053	1	6080.176
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.015	0.966	1.071	1.001	6341.213
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.007	0.962	1.056	1.001	7177.186
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	0.688	0.343	1.356	1	4693.332
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	2.921	1.908	4.562	1.001	4470.837
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.823	0.586	1.158	1	4913.782
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.644	0.137	3.092	1	9796.447
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	1.016	0.97	1.062	1.001	4991.015
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.982	0.936	1.031	1	5207.306
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.205	1.11	1.314	1	4342.8
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.984	1.058	1.001	6097.609
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.971	0.934	1.01	1	5032.239
Intercept	0	0	0	1	6375.752
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	1.771	1.357	2.24	1	5861.04
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.378	0.014	0.951	1.001	2050.815

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1362, participants included: 55

 

With interaction terms included

Table 78:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.267	1.065	1.543	1	5760.931
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	3.369	2.357	5.17	1	4791.517
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.052	0.919	1.2	1.001	7464.718
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	1.663	0.896	3.158	1	8644.441
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	0.999	0.948	1.055	1	6289.073
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.015	0.98	1.052	1	5833.448
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.019	0.969	1.08	1.001	5575.829
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.008	0.963	1.059	1.001	5923.45
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	0.7	0.353	1.354	1	3867.249
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	3.044	1.97	4.882	1.001	3880.375
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.826	0.59	1.159	1	4347.837
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.647	0.128	3.186	1	8878.401
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	1.016	0.971	1.064	1.001	4176.665
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.982	0.935	1.03	1	4774.689
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.205	1.11	1.318	1	3915.308
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.02	0.984	1.06	1.001	4576.336
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.97	0.932	1.01	1	4299.075
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.27	0.93	1.76	1.001	8344.943
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.005	0.989	1.021	1	6044.3
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	0.992	0.957	1.028	1	6615.874
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	5279.521

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1362, participants included: 55

 

Flat

No interaction term included

Table 79:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.343	1.062	1.788	1.002	5260.721
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	5.19	2.979	10.375	1.001	4249.053
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.055	0.889	1.242	1.001	9368.373
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.87	1.125	8.913	1	7334.631
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	1.006	0.941	1.078	1	8097.158
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.025	0.983	1.074	1	6292.308
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.018	0.955	1.093	1	6392.75
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.009	0.948	1.076	1	7710.797
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	0.656	0.195	2.134	1	4153.503
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.175	2.459	11.926	1.001	3913.827
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.828	0.473	1.472	1.001	4245.516
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.128	0.002	7.653	1	6365.378
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	1.009	0.937	1.086	1	5112.762
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.954	0.875	1.031	1.001	4929.82
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.285	1.123	1.506	1	4308.515
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.036	0.976	1.103	1	6072.876
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.988	0.922	1.058	1.001	4622.269
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	4836.995
\(\sigma_{subject}\)	3.002	2.062	4.274	1.001	3742.258
\(\sigma_{subject:bout}\)	0.712	0.035	1.638	1.001	1600.855

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1362, participants included: 55

 

With interaction terms included

Table 80:

Posterior odds, 95% credible interval, \(\hat{R}\) statistic and Bulk Effective Sample Size (ESS) for each parameter (including COM-B interaction terms) of the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model predicting momentary compliance with hygiene measures.

Parameter	Odds	lower	upper	Rhat	Bulk ESS
Level-1 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (ws)	1.344	1.064	1.791	1.001	5848.422
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (ws)	5.522	3.17	11.632	1.001	4184.779
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (ws)	1.051	0.883	1.245	1	8899.963
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (ws)	2.504	0.914	7.913	1	7832.687
Level-2 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (ws)	1.002	0.936	1.079	1	8627.63
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (ws)	1.023	0.979	1.076	1.002	7081.632
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (ws)	1.02	0.951	1.102	1.001	7387.171
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (ws)	1.009	0.946	1.08	1	8048.662
Level-3 predictors
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Behavioral Control (bs)	0.662	0.192	2.193	1.001	5381.597
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention (bs)	5.652	2.662	14.165	1.001	4481.793
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Covid-related Stress (bs)	0.828	0.467	1.473	1	6254.055
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Rules / regulations (bs)	0.123	0.001	8.432	1	6596.674
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Anti-intellectualism (bs)	1.008	0.935	1.088	1	5628.968
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Descriptive norms (bs)	0.953	0.875	1.032	1.001	6789.219
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Habit strength (bs)	1.29	1.123	1.508	1.001	4564.382
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Self efficacy (bs)	1.035	0.975	1.102	1	6443.006
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Conspiracy mentality (bs)	0.988	0.921	1.061	1.001	5425.756
Interactions (ws)
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Rules / regulations	1.306	0.863	2.027	1	10756.259
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Descriptive norms	1.002	0.98	1.023	1.001	7422.198
\(\hspace{3ex}\)Intention x Habit Strength	0.996	0.949	1.047	1	9228.595
Intercept	0	0	0	1.001	5445.578

Note. Assessments nested within bouts and participants; age, gender, education were included in the model but are not displayed here. Observations included: 1362, participants included: 55